Which of the following is a type of inflammatory bowel disease?

Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the lining of the colon and rectum. It is part of a broader category of diseases that also includes Crohn's disease, which involves inflammation that can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract.

This condition is specifically chronic and can lead to various complications if not properly managed, including an increased risk of colon cancer over time. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, diarrhea (often with blood), and urgent bowel movements.

In contrast, gastroenteritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by infections, which is distinct from chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Esophagitis pertains to inflammation of the esophagus, usually resulting from acid reflux or infections, and stomatitis refers to inflammation within the oral cavity. These conditions do not fit the definition of inflammatory bowel disease, as they do not primarily affect the intestinal tract in the chronic, systemic manner characteristic of IBDs like ulcerative colitis.