What type of hormone is prolactin?

Prolactin is classified as a protein hormone. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a critical role in regulating lactation and various reproductive functions. As a protein hormone, prolactin is composed of a long chain of amino acids folded into a specific three-dimensional structure, which is essential for its biological activity.

The distinction between protein hormones and other types such as glycoproteins, peptides, and amines is important in understanding their mechanisms of action within the body. For example, glycoprotein hormones, like luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), are characterized by the presence of carbohydrate groups attached to their peptide chains, while peptide hormones are shorter chains of amino acids that may not have the same level of complexity as protein hormones. Amine hormones, derived from amino acids, are structurally different and include hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Understanding the classification of prolactin helps in comprehending its function, synthesis, and the potential effects of its dysregulation, which can lead to issues such as galactorrhea or reproductive disorders.