What stimulates the release of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide?

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is primarily stimulated by the presence of fatty acids and carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract. GIP is released from K cells in the small intestine and plays a significant role in the body's regulation of insulin secretion. When carbohydrates are ingested, they are broken down into glucose, while fatty acids can also enhance the stimulus for GIP release. This polypeptide facilitates the secretion of insulin from the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels, thus helping to maintain glucose homeostasis.

In addition to this, the presence of amino acids, bile salts, and pancreatic lipase does not significantly stimulate GIP secretion in the same way that fatty acids and carbohydrates do. Amino acids can stimulate other incretin hormones but are not the primary triggers for GIP. Bile salts and pancreatic lipase are involved in digestion and absorption processes but do not have a direct impact on the release of GIP. Therefore, the presence of fatty acids and carbohydrates is distinctly important for the secretion of GIP, aligning with the correct response.