What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

The primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system is to form the myelin sheath around nerve axons. This myelin sheath is essential for the conduction of electrical impulses along the axons, allowing for the efficient transmission of signals between neurons. By insulating the axons, oligodendrocytes enable faster signal propagation through a process known as saltatory conduction, where the nerve impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next. This function is crucial for the overall speed and efficiency of communication in the nervous system, which is vital for coordination and processing of information.

The other functions mentioned, such as supporting neuronal health, regulating blood flow, and producing cerebrospinal fluid, are performed by other types of cells within the nervous system. For instance, astrocytes are involved in supporting neuronal health and regulating blood flow, while ependymal cells produce cerebrospinal fluid. Oligodendrocytes specifically are dedicated to myelination, which differentiates their role in maintaining and enhancing the function of the central nervous system.