What effect do glucocorticoids have on blood glucose levels?

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, and they play a critical role in metabolism and the body's response to stress. One of their primary functions is to raise blood glucose levels through several mechanisms. They stimulate gluconeogenesis, which is the process by which the liver converts non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol, into glucose. Additionally, glucocorticoids promote the breakdown of fat (lipolysis), providing free fatty acids that can also serve as metabolic fuel, and they inhibit glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, which further contributes to elevated blood glucose levels.

This action is particularly important during times of stress or fasting, as it helps ensure that sufficient glucose is available to meet the energy needs of vital organs, particularly the brain. Therefore, the role of glucocorticoids as a steroid that raises blood glucose levels is a fundamental aspect of their function in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.