What does Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a crucial role in the reproductive system for both males and females. In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, which are responsible for producing ova (eggs). In males, FSH is essential for the stimulation of spermatogenesis, the process by which sperm is produced in the testes.

By promoting the production of ova and sperm, FSH is integral to fertility and reproductive health. It helps regulate the menstrual cycle in women and contributes to the successful creation of sperm in men. This dual effect on gamete production is why the answer indicating that FSH stimulates the production of ova and sperm is correct.

The other options describe functions that are not aligned with FSH's biological roles. For instance, while ovulation is a crucial aspect of the female reproductive cycle, it is primarily induced by luteinizing hormone (LH) rather than FSH. Additionally, FSH does not inhibit the growth of follicles; rather, it stimulates them. The suggestion that FSH increases muscle mass also misrepresents the hormone’s function, as muscle growth is more closely associated with anabolic hormones such as testosterone.