What are common symptoms of dementia?

The option that highlights chronic cognitive decline and memory loss is recognized as a hallmark of dementia. Dementia is characterized by a progressive deterioration in cognitive function, which includes the ability to think, remember, and make decisions. This decline impacts daily functioning and quality of life. Memory loss is particularly significant, often starting with short-term memory and gradually affecting long-term memory as the disease progresses.

In the context of dementia, individuals may struggle with remembering recent events, following conversations, or recalling appointments, leading to increased difficulty in performing everyday tasks. This decline not only affects memory but also can include problems with language, reasoning, and spatial awareness.

The other options do not align with the defining features of dementia. For instance, muscle stiffness and twitching are more associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. High levels of immunoglobulins could indicate an immune response, which is not a typical symptom of dementia. Lastly, short-term memory improvement contradicts the nature of dementia, as the disease is defined by a deterioration rather than an enhancement of cognitive abilities.