How do catecholamines derive their structure?

Catecholamines, which include hormones such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, derive their structure starting from the amino acid tyrosine. The synthesis of catecholamines begins with the hydroxylation of tyrosine to form L-DOPA, which is subsequently decarboxylated to produce dopamine. Further enzymatic conversions lead to the formation of norepinephrine and epinephrine. This pathway emphasizes the significance of tyrosine as the foundational building block in the biosynthesis of these critical neurotransmitters and hormones. Understanding this biochemical pathway is essential for comprehending how catecholamines function in the body as part of the stress response and regulation of various physiological processes.