Which cells are responsible for myelin production in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann cells are the cells responsible for myelin production in the peripheral nervous system. They play a vital role in the formation of myelin sheaths that insulate nerve fibers, ensuring efficient transmission of electrical impulses along the axons. This insulation is crucial for the rapid conduction of nerve signals, which is essential for normal functioning of the peripheral nervous system.

In contrast, oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelin production in the central nervous system, not the peripheral system. Astrocytes serve primarily as support cells, contributing to the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and supporting neuronal function without directly producing myelin. Microglia, on the other hand, function as the immune cells of the central nervous system, involved in the defense against pathogens and the removal of damaged neurons and debris.

Thus, Schwann cells are uniquely adapted to create myelin in the peripheral nerves, playing a fundamental role in the overall health and function of the peripheral nervous system.